Fermax DuoxMe - Terms and conditions

1. GENERAL.

These terms and conditions of use (hereinafter, the “Terms of Use”) govern the use of the Fermax DuoxMe mobile app (hereinafter, the “App”) which “FERMAX ELECTRÓNICA, S.A.U.” (hereinafter, “FERMAX”) makes available to users to access the digital service required to enable: (i) the digital opening of communal access doors to buildings; (ii) the forwarding of calls made to the video intercom; and (iii) other additional features depending on the user’s home terminal (hereinafter the “Digital Service”).

Please read these Terms of Use carefully before using the App, and each time you intend to use it, as they may be subject to change. The downloading, access and use of the App and its components imply that you have read, understood and accepted, without reservation of any kind, each and every one of the terms and conditions set out in these Terms of Use and in the Privacy Policy made available to you via the App itself, and confer upon you the status of user of the App (hereinafter, the “User(s)”), such acceptance being essential in order to make use of the service offered through the Application.

The Application is available internationally. Consequently, Users who decide to access and/or use the Application do so at their own risk and responsibility and must ensure that such access and/or use complies with applicable legislation and these Terms of Use; FERMAX accepts no liability whatsoever arising from such access by the User.

In these Terms of Use, the following terms shall have the meanings set out below:

Device: A physical component (hardware) of a video door entry system, which may be a door panel, a monitor or a telephone.
Connected Panel: A panel featuring 4G connectivity for communication with the FERMAX cloud.
Wi-Fi Home Terminal: Monitor with Wi-Fi technology.
Non-Wi-Fi Home Terminal: Monitor or telephone without Wi-Fi technology.
Building: A structure housing one or more dwellings.
Connected Installation: A building equipped with one or more FERMAX Connected Door Stations.
Plan or Service Plan: The way in which the Digital Service is used, which may include different features and/or limitations depending on whether the Plan is free or paid.
Subscription: A paid plan that allows the use of certain advanced features of the Digital Service.

2. INFORMATION ABOUT FERMAX.

These Terms of Use have been drawn up in accordance with and in compliance with the provisions set out in Law 34/2002 of 11 July on Information Society Services and Electronic Commerce (hereinafter, “LSSI”) and Organic Law 3/2018 of 5 December on Data Protection and the Guarantee of Digital Rights (hereinafter, “LOPDGDD”), and govern the use of the Application provided by the company “FERMAX ELECTRÓNICA, S.A.U.”, with its registered office in Valencia, 46017, Avenida Tres Cruces, number 133, (Spain) and Tax Identification Number A-46.036.554, and registered in the Commercial Register of Valencia, in Volume 4055, Book 1367, Folio 127, Page V-18495, makes available to Users.

Users of the Application may contact FERMAX via the following channels:

FERMAX ELECTRÓNICA, S.A.U.
Avenida Tres Cruces, No. 133
46017– Valencia (Spain)
Email: support.duoxme@fermax.com

3. LICENCE

FERMAX holds the necessary rights to act as the licensor of the Application. Consequently, it grants the User a non-exclusive, non-transferable and non-sublicensable licence for the personal use of the Application. Should updates, new versions or add-ons to the Application become available, the use of such new versions or updates shall be governed by the provisions of these Terms of Use unless other conditions applicable to such new versions or updates are formalised, in which case the latter shall apply.

The licence granted does not authorise the User to carry out any of the activities detailed below, and the User accepts that the performance of any activity constituting a breach of the rights granted under these Terms of Use and, in particular, a breach of any of the following restrictions, shall constitute an infringement of the industrial and/or intellectual property rights of FERMAX or any of the companies within its business group:

Selling, licensing, sub-licensing or transferring the Application to any person or entity, or reproducing or modifying, in whole or in part, the content thereof.
Copying, translating, modifying or creating derivative works of the Application or any part thereof, or permitting or authorising third parties to carry out such activities.
Infringe the intellectual property rights, industrial property rights or any other rights that FERMAX, or any of the companies within its business group, may hold in relation to the Application and any other elements of which they are the owners.
Develop computer programs, applications or any other type of IT product that performs a function similar to that of the Application.
Registering trademarks, trade names, or any other distinctive sign associated with or that could be associated with the Application.

Furthermore, the User acknowledges and agrees that the licence to use the App is granted exclusively between the User and FERMAX. Downloading the App from a third-party platform (such as the App Store or Google Play) shall be governed by the terms and conditions of that platform, without this implying any licensing relationship between the User and the owners of these platforms regarding the use of the App.

The licence granted in accordance with these Terms of Use does not confer ownership of the Application and shall not be construed as a sale or transfer of any rights thereto. Consequently, as specified in Clause 4 below, all rights, titles and interests in the Application belong to FERMAX or to third parties associated with it.

4. INTELLECTUAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.

In accordance with the laws protecting intellectual property rights —literary and artistic—, industrial property rights and other similar rights, the reproduction or redistribution of the elements and content comprising the Application, in whole or in part, is strictly prohibited.

The Application and each of the contents and/or elements comprising it, understood to include, by way of example only, the texts, “look & feel”, photographs, graphics, images, icons, illustrations, software, links and other audiovisual or audio content, as well as its graphic design and source codes (hereinafter, the “Content”) are the exclusive property of FERMAX or third parties (for whose use FERMAX is authorised), and none of the exploitation rights recognised by current intellectual property legislation in respect of such Content shall be deemed to have been transferred to the User, except for those strictly necessary for the use of the Application. In accordance with the provisions of Clause 3 above, FERMAX grants no licences or rights other than the right to use, consult or view the Application’s Content for the sole purpose of using the Digital Service and for strictly personal, private and non-profit use . Any reproduction and/or representation, in whole or in part, of the Application or any of its constituent elements, on any type of medium for purposes other than those set out above, in particular commercial purposes, is expressly prohibited.

With the exception of the circumstances mentioned above, any reproduction and/or representation of the Application must have the prior written authorisation of FERMAX or the third party holding the relevant rights.

Likewise, the trademarks, trade names or distinctive signs included in the Application are the property of FERMAX or, where applicable, of third parties, and access to the Application shall not be construed as conferring any rights over the aforementioned trademarks, trade names and/or distinctive signs included therein.

The unauthorised reproduction, distribution, exploitation, adaptation, making available and/or public communication, whether for a fee or free of charge, of the Application’s Content constitutes an infringement of the intellectual and/or industrial property rights of FERMAX or, where applicable, of the third parties who own such rights, and may give rise to the exercise by them of any judicial or extrajudicial actions to which they may be entitled in the exercise of their rights. Any unauthorised use constitutes an unlawful act or infringement punishable by law.

Users undertake to respect the intellectual and industrial property rights owned by FERMAX or, where applicable, by third-party owners thereof, in accordance with current legislation on intellectual and industrial property and the terms and conditions set out in these Terms of Use. In this regard, Users undertake not to carry out any actions that might directly or indirectly infringe the intellectual and/or industrial property rights of both FERMAX and, where applicable, third-party owners of the Content that may appear in the Application.

Users shall be solely liable to FERMAX and/or to third parties for any losses, damages and/or harm that may arise as a result of a breach of the provisions of the preceding paragraphs and, in this regard, they undertake to hold FERMAX and, where applicable, third parties, harmless from any actions and/or claims of any kind that may be brought against it and/or third parties due to the aforementioned breach by the Users.

5. TERMS OF USE OF THE APPLICATION.

5.1 General

The User acknowledges and accepts that the downloading, access to and use of the Application takes place freely and knowingly, under their own responsibility.

The User undertakes to make proper and lawful use of the Application in accordance with the law, these Terms of Use, good faith and public order. The User shall be liable to FERMAX and/or third parties for any damages that may be caused as a result of a breach of this obligation.

Consequently, FERMAX shall in no event be liable for such downloading, access and/or use, nor for any damages that may arise from such actions.

It is expressly prohibited to use the Application for purposes that are harmful to the property or interests of FERMAX or third parties, or that in any other way overload, damage or render inoperable the networks, servers and other computer equipment (hardware) or computer products and applications (software) belonging to FERMAX or third parties, or for carrying out illegal activities or acts constituting a criminal offence, which infringe the rights of third parties and/or breach regulations on intellectual or industrial property or any other applicable legal provisions.

In particular, but not limited to, the following actions are also prohibited:

The use of computer viruses or any other code, file or programme designed or intended to disrupt, damage or limit the operation of any software, web , hardware or telecommunications equipment, or to damage or gain unauthorised access to data or other information belonging to FERMAX or any third party.
Impersonating others, interfering with or disrupting the service, servers or networks connected to the services, or failing to comply with the requirements, procedures, policies or regulations of networks connected to the services.
Use automated scripts or screen scraping to collect information or interact with FERMAX.
Systematically harvesting data or other content from FERMAX to create, directly or indirectly, through single or multiple downloads, a collection of data, whether manually or by means of bots, crawlers or similar tools. Accessing, manipulating or using non-public areas of the Application, FERMAX’s computer systems or the systems of its suppliers.
Any unauthorised attempt to test for vulnerabilities or to breach security or authentication measures of DuoxMe’s systems or networks, except where such actions are carried out in good faith and reported in accordance with FERMAX’s Vulnerability Management Policy.
Falsifying or altering any FERMAX information.
Attempting to decrypt, decompile or disassemble FERMAX or third-party software.
Reproducing, in whole or in part, the Application in other applications.
Collaborating with a third party to carry out any of the conduct described.

5.2 Content

The User undertakes to use the Content in accordance with the law, the provisions of these Terms of Use (in particular Clauses 3 and 4), good faith and public order, as well as any other conditions, regulations and instructions that may apply.

5.3 Access to the Application

In general, access to and use of the Application requires the User to register in advance.

Any access to and use of the Application via the email address and password chosen by the User shall be deemed to have been carried out by that User, who shall be liable in all cases for such access and use. The User shall be responsible at all times for the safekeeping of their password, and shall therefore be liable for any damages that may arise from its misuse, as well as from its transfer, disclosure or loss.

Furthermore, it is recommended that the User does not share their login credentials with third parties to allow use of the Digital Service associated with their property. Instead, it is suggested that other users be invited via the App so that they can register and obtain their own login credentials.

In the event of a forgotten password, the User must immediately block and replace it via the section specifically provided for this purpose in the App. In any event, any operations carried out before such a change takes effect shall be deemed to have been carried out by the password holder, who shall be liable and shall bear any damages arising from any unauthorised access and/or use occurring prior to such a change.

5.4 Use of the App
5.4.1 Users with Wi-Fi Home Terminals

Users with Wi-Fi Home Terminals may use the Digital Service free of charge by downloading and registering on the App.

The specific features enabled in the Digital Service for Users with Wi-Fi Home Terminals will be detailed in the App, as well as on the website or in any other commercial or promotional material that FERMAX decides to make available to Users.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, FERMAX reserves the right to develop new features in the future which may be subject to a subscription fee for use by Users with Wi-Fi Home Terminals.

5.4.2 Users with non-Wi-Fi Home Terminals in Connected Premises

Only Users with non-Wi-Fi Home Terminals in Connected Premises may choose from the Service Plans detailed below to use the Digital Service.

In this regard, it should be noted that Connected Premises may only be available in certain areas. Consequently, Users may only use the Digital Service with non-Wi-Fi Home Terminals located in Connected Premises situated in areas where the Digital Service is available. The future development of FERMAX’s connectivity strategy may allow for the gradual roll-out of the Digital Service in other areas.

a) Service Plans

As of the date of these Terms of Use, Users with non-Wi-Fi Home Terminals installed in Connected Premises may choose between:

The Free Service Plan: which allows a single User per home to access certain limited features of the Digital Service at no cost and without the need for a Subscription.
The Paid Service Plan: which allows Users in a home to access all the features of the Digital Service without the limitations of the Free Service Plan, and which requires a periodic payment through the main User of the home taking out the relevant Subscription within the App.

The Service Plans differ in terms of pricing, duration, free trial period, billing methods, access requirements, connectivity, features, terms and conditions, and/or device compatibility, as detailed in the App or via any other commercial/promotional material describing the characteristics of the various Service Plans offered by FERMAX.

Service Plans are linked to the properties themselves, so a User may be associated with different Service Plans depending on the properties of which they are the main User or a guest.

If a property is associated with the free Service Plan or the paid Service Plan, the formalisation and management of said Plan will be carried out directly by the main User of that property. To this end, FERMAX will provide said User with the conditions applicable to said Plan during the registration process in the App.

b) Billing and payment terms

Use of the Digital Service via the free Service Plan does not require a Subscription, as it is offered entirely free of charge to the User.

In the case of the Paid Service Plan, the main User of the property must choose, at the end of the initial trial period (if such a period has been offered), whether they wish to subscribe to that Plan or, if not, continue to enjoy the limited features of the Free Service Plan.

Subscription to the Paid Service Plan will be carried out directly by the main User of the property via the App, without the need to enter any bank details and/or payment method information within it.

Subscribing to this paid Service Plan will entail a monthly, annual, or any other periodic payment plan, details of which will be provided to the main User of the property prior to the formalisation of the Subscription.

This Subscription will be managed directly through the app stores (App Store for Apple users or Google Play for Android users), such that the processing of the information and the data provided by the User to subscribe to the Paid Service Plan (e.g. payment methods and/or bank accounts, amongst others) will be carried out directly by said third parties, without FERMAX having access to them.

Charges relating to the User’s Subscription will be invoiced by the relevant third party (App Store for Apple users or Google Play for Android users) using the payment details provided by the User for this purpose. The first payment will be charged via the payment method chosen by the User once the Subscription process has been completed, with the Subscription renewing automatically at the end of each billing period, unless it is cancelled in accordance with the cancellation instructions detailed below.

In any event, Subscription to the paid Service Plan via third parties shall mean that, in addition to these Terms of Use, the terms and conditions of the third party through which the User has taken out their Subscription may apply to the User’s use of the Digital Service offered by FERMAX.

c) Changes to Service Plan rates

FERMAX reserves the right to modify, remove and/or expand the Service Plans currently in force, as well as the rates and/or conditions of the Service Plans that it may offer to Users at any given time.

In such cases, FERMAX will inform Users at least thirty (30) days in advance by sending an email to the address the User provided when registering on the Application or by any other means that maximises the likelihood of Users receiving the notification (for example, notifications within the Application itself).

In the case of a paid Service Plan associated with a property, if the main User of that property does not agree with the change in price and/or the new conditions applicable to the contracted Plan, they may cancel the Subscription by following the instructions provided by FERMAX for that purpose. If the User does not cancel said Subscription before the new rates and/or conditions come into effect, it will be understood that they agree to the communicated change, and their Subscription to the paid Service Plan will be renewed at the new price and/or under the new conditions in force.

d) Cancellation

The cancellation of a paid Service Plan subscription for a property may be managed by the primary User of that property at any time via the App by accessing the “Settings > General > My Account > Active Plans” section or via any other shortcut provided within the App.

However, THE USER MUST CANCEL THE SUBSCRIPTION BEFORE THE RENEWAL DATE TO AVOID BEING CHARGED FOR THE FEE RELATING TO THE NEXT BILLING CYCLE. In the event of cancellation, this will take effect at the end of the current subscription period, meaning the

User may continue to use the Digital Service until the end of that period.

e) Right of withdrawal

The User accepts that registration on the Application and, where applicable, subscription to a paid Service Plan grants them immediate access to the Digital Service and that, consequently, the User shall not be entitled to withdraw from the Subscription agreement within fourteen (14) days (or such period as may be determined by applicable law at any given time) following the date of Subscription and obtain a refund of the fee paid.

f) No right to a refund

Unless required by applicable law, FERMAX will not refund the amount of any Subscription, nor will it grant credits or issue refunds proportional to the amount of cancelled subscriptions.

g) Promotional offers

Should FERMAX decide to apply new discounts or promotional offers to the Service Plans after the date on which a User has registered on the App, that User shall not be entitled to any refund or adjustment to their Subscription fee.

New Users, on the other hand, shall be entitled to benefit once from any promotions that FERMAX may apply to “new customers”.

The requirements for participating in any special promotion shall be established by FERMAX at the time the promotion is launched, with FERMAX having the exclusive right to determine the requirements that must be met for a User to benefit from a promotional offer and reserving the right to cancel any offer should it determine that the User does not meet the necessary requirements to benefit from it.

5.5 Service Level Agreement

The service level applicable to the Application shall be governed by the provisions of the Service Level Agreement (hereinafter the “SLA”) in force at any given time, which is available via this link. The SLA forms an integral part of these Terms and Conditions for all purposes. Therefore, use of the Application implies acceptance of the SLA, a document which sets out FERMAX’s commitments regarding availability, maintenance, technical support, response times and other quality parameters of the Digital Service.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is hereby stated that FERMAX reserves the right to modify, suspend or permanently cease the provision of the Digital Service, in whole or in part, at any time, for technical, economic, organisational, strategic, security or regulatory compliance reasons, or for any other legitimate cause, in which case it shall comply with the provisions of the applicable regulations.

5.6 New Services. Updates

The Digital Service offered by FERMAX is constantly evolving. Therefore, FERMAX reserves the right to incorporate new features and functionalities into the Digital Service, and the User hereby consents to FERMAX making such new functionalities available and offering their use.
Similarly, FERMAX may offer updates, bug fixes or other changes or improvements to the Application (collectively, “Service Updates”) at any time. By registering on the Application, the User agrees to receive all Service Updates without prior notice. Service Updates may be:

automatic, relating to general changes to the Application and/or the implementation of additional features;
optional, in which case the User will receive the necessary information and instructions to authorise, if interested, the optional Service Updates;
mandatory, in which case the User must accept the Service Update to maintain access to the App.

The User is hereby informed that access to the Application may not be available during a Service Update.

6. DISCLAIMER

6.1 Regarding the information and use of the Application by the User

Access to the Application does not imply any obligation on the part of FERMAX to verify the truthfulness, accuracy, adequacy, suitability, completeness and timeliness of the information provided through it.

The User accepts that FERMAX assumes no liability for any delay, deletion, erroneous delivery, or failure to store User communications.

FERMAX shall not be held liable for any decisions made on the basis of the information provided in the App, nor for any damages of any kind that may arise from the User’s misuse of the Digital Service.

Furthermore, the User acknowledges that the Digital Service will be provided by FERMAX automatically, with FERMAX merely carrying out the instruction initiated for this purpose via the Application by the User or by any third party authorised by them, FERMAX is therefore not responsible for verifying the identity of persons authorised to access the Building, nor for any damage that the Building may suffer as a result of the misuse of the Digital Service by such persons. Similarly, it is hereby stated that the proper functioning of the Digital Service offered by FERMAX via the App, particularly with regard to the remote opening of Building doors, depends on factors beyond FERMAX’s control (e.g., correct power supply to the door panel, the status of the Building’s internet connection, the condition of the door opener, the coverage of the User’s mobile device…), and is therefore offered as a complement to the User’s physical key and not as a replacement for it.

FERMAX does not guarantee the correct functioning of the App or the Digital Service when these are used for purposes other than those expressly provided for in these Terms and Conditions. Consequently, FERMAX shall not accept any liability for damages, losses or incidents arising from the use of the App or the Digital Service for purposes other than those for which they were designed, intended or intended to function, such uses being carried out under the User’s sole responsibility.

FERMAX applies data protection measures by design and by default, ensuring that all its processing operations, for which FERMAX is responsible, are carried out in accordance with the principles of the GDPR, paying particular attention to the security of the processing and to the transparency regarding the purposes for which personal data will be processed.

Only adults may register for an account as a Primary User on the App.

As part of the Digital Service, the feature known as “automatic image capture” or “photocaller” allows the User to view calls received via the video door entry system, including the date and time of the call, the status (e.g. call answered, unanswered or answered from another device) and a photograph of the person who called the User’s home. In this regard, the User must refrain from using the Digital Service and the functionality related to automatic image capture for any illegal purpose, agreeing not to use the App to capture, publish, transmit, disclose or store any content that infringes the legitimate rights and interests of others, such as the protection of personal data, intellectual property rights, third-party trade secrets and any other fundamental rights.

FERMAX may directly delete any information stored by the User whilst using the Application that it suspects is unlawful or infringes the legitimate rights of third parties or the provisions of these Terms of Use.

If the User breaches any of the above terms of use and, in doing so, causes damage to third parties, they shall assume full liability and indemnify FERMAX against any loss or expense arising therefrom.

6.2 Use of the Digital Service

Use of the Application is subject to all applicable regulations and the User shall be solely responsible for the content and data entered via the Application.
FERMAX implements various protective measures to safeguard the App against cyber attacks by third parties and maintains an ongoing process of assessing the cybersecurity of its products and services. However, access to the Application does not imply any obligation on the part of FERMAX to ensure the absence of viruses or any other harmful computer elements on the mobile devices onto which Users download the Application. It is the User’s responsibility, in all cases, to ensure the availability of appropriate tools for the detection and removal of harmful computer programs.

FERMAX accepts no liability for any damage caused to Users’ or third parties’ mobile devices whilst accessing the App.

FERMAX gives no guarantee and accepts no liability, under any circumstances, for damages of any kind that may arise from accessing or using the Content or the App. Among others, and by way of example and without limitation, FERMAX accepts no liability for the following circumstances:

The lack of maintenance and proper functioning of the App and/or its Content: (i) for reasons not directly attributable to FERMAX, (ii) in cases of force majeure; or (iii) in cases where the configuration of mobile devices and/or the connectivity conditions in Users’ homes (e.g. the presence of a modem or router, internet connection speed, etc.) are not adequate to allow the proper functioning of the Application, its Content and/or the Digital Service provided through it.
The fact that the User is unable to use the Application to access features not included in the Digital Service enabled for the User based on their profile (e.g., User of the Digital Service via a Wi-Fi Home Terminal, User of the Digital Service via a non-Wi-Fi Home Terminal with a Free Plan, or User of the Digital Service via a non-Wi-Fi Home Terminalwith a paid Service Plan subscription).
The receipt, acquisition, storage, dissemination or transmission of the Content by Users.
The unlawful, negligent, fraudulent, or contrary to the terms of these Terms of Use, or contrary to good faith and public order, use of the Application or its Content by Users.

6.3 Limitation of liability

FERMAX will do its utmost to ensure that Users can enjoy the Digital Service on a continuous and personalised basis. However, access to the Application may be interrupted for maintenance, updates or any other reason, in particular for technical reasons. FERMAX shall not be liable under any circumstances for such interruptions or the consequences they may have for the User and assumes no liability with respect to any condition, statement or warranty not expressly included in these Terms of Use.

Furthermore, FERMAX accepts no liability towards Users and/or third parties for indirect, special, incidental, consequential, exemplary or punitive damages of any kind resulting from the use of the Digital Service.

However, where applicable, FERMAX’s liability shall be limited, in all cases, to the amount paid by the User, if any, for the use of the Digital Service during their last billing cycle (monthly, annual, etc.).

It is hereby stated that the above exclusions and limitations shall only apply to the extent permitted by the legislation which, in each case, may be mandatorily applicable to the User.

7. PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA

Any personal data provided by Users during the registration process and use of the Application will be processed in accordance with the terms set out in FERMAX’s Privacy Policy.

8. USE OF COOKIES

Users are hereby informed that the cookies (or similar storage technologies) used by FERMAX in the Application (hereinafter, the “Cookies”) are subject to the exception set out in Article 22.2 of the LSSI; consequently, it is not necessary to obtain the user’s consent for their use. Specifically, the purposes of the Cookies used in the Application are detailed in FERMAX’s Privacy Policy.

9. AMENDMENTS TO THE TERMS OF USE

FERMAX reserves the right to amend these Terms of Use at any time, in particular to comply with any new regulations or legislation, or to improve the User’s experience of the Application.

Any modification to the Terms of Use will be incorporated into this document and will take effect from the moment it is published on the App, on the understanding that the User agrees to the modifications included if they continue to use the App once they have been published; they may unsubscribe from the service, should they not agree with the modifications included, by: i) cancelling any current Subscription to the Service Plans, ii) deleting their User account, and iii) uninstalling the Application. Consequently, FERMAX invites Users to review these Terms of Use periodically.

10. INVALIDITY AND VOIDABILITY

In the event that any of the provisions contained in these Terms of Use is found to be void or voidable, in whole or in part, such voidness or voidability shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions contained in these Terms of Use, which shall remain fully valid and effective.

If any provision of these Terms and Conditions is held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction , it shall be interpreted as closely as possible to reflect the intentions of the parties as set out in the provision, and all other provisions shall remain in full force and effect.

11. GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION

Unless the mandatory laws of the User’s country of residence require otherwise, these Terms of Use are governed by Spanish law and any dispute relating to the validity, interpretation and/or enforcement of these Terms of Use shall fall within the jurisdiction of the Spanish courts and tribunals.

Date of update: 30 April 2026.